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| 1415 |
| | | Filippo Brunelleschi begins studying the ruins of classical Rome, with a view to rediscovering classical architecture | |
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| c. 1475 |
| | | With Constantinople in Turkish hands, Moscow begins to see itself as the centre of Orthodox Christianity - or the third Rome | |
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| c. 1489 |
| | | Leonardo da Vinci begins an unprecedented series of detailed anatomical drawings, based on corpses dissected in Rome | |
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| 1491 |
| | | Savonarola, the new prior of San Marco, is a stern critic of both the pope in Rome and the Medici in Florence | |
|  | Savonarola
Fotofile CG
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| 1499 |
| | | 24-year-old Michelangelo provides for St Peter's in Rome an exquisite Pietà – the Virgin holding on her lap the dead Christ | |
|  | Pietà Michelangelo
Fotofile CG
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| 1505 |
| | | Pope Julius II summons Michelangelo to Rome to create the pope's own elaborately sculpted tomb | |
|  | One of the 'slaves' for the tomb of Julius II
Fotofile CG
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| 1508 |
| | | Michelangelo begins work in Rome on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel | |
|  | Study for The Creation of Adam Michelangelo, c.1508
British Museum
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| 1508 |
| | | Raphael is summoned to Rome by Julius II and is given a major commission for frescoes | |
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| 1520 |
| | | Luther's writings are burnt in Rome by order of the pope | |
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| 1527 |
| | | Pope Clement VII hides in Castel Sant'Angelo while Rome is sacked by German mercenaries | |
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